Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle (/njuːˈkæsəl/ ^ⓘ new-KASS-əl, RP: /ˈnjuːkɑːsəl/ ^ⓘ NEW-kah-səl),^[8] is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is England's northernmost metropolitan borough, located on the River Tyne's northern bank opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.^[9]

Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius.^[10] The settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution.^[11] Newcastle is historically part of the county of Northumberland but was governed as a county corporate after 1400.^{[12][13][14][15]} In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.